Protein expression refers to the way in which proteins are synthesized, modified and regulated in living organisms. In protein research, the term can apply to either the object of study or the laboratory techniques required to manufacture proteins. n practical terms, recombinant protein production depends on using cellular machinery, Biotyscience provides four major expression systems-based protein expression techniques.
In prokaryotes, protein expression is termed coupled transcription and translation, because transcription and translation occur simultaneously. The translation of mRNA starts before a mature mRNA transcript is fully synthesized. In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are spatially separated, and occur sequentially with transcription happening in the nucleus and translation, or protein synthesis, occurring in the cytoplasm.
Biotyscience’s protein expression systems include:
E. Coli Protein Expression Service
E. coli is a well-established host that offers short culturing time, easy genetic manipulation and low cost media and expression is fast, with proteins routinely produced in one day. Thus, E. coli has multiple, significant benefits over other expression systems including cost, ease-of-use, and scale. The E. coli protein expression system is suitable for multiple species, acting as a principal tool for recombinant protein expression and biotechnological industrial development, especially for small-protein production.
Baculovirus-Insect Protein Expression Service
Insect baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS)· belongs to the eukaryotic expression system, and it is an expression system with high safety. Insect baculoviruses are capable of transferring genetic information into mammalian cells, and, consequently, baculovirus-based vectors can be used as expression vectors for mammalian cells.
Yeast Protein Expression Service
Expression of proteins in yeast is a common alternative to prokaryotic and highereukaryotic expression. Yeast cells offer many of the advantages of producing proteins in microbes (growth speed, easy genetic manipulation, low cost media) while offering some of thel attributes of higher eukaryotic systems (post translational modifications, secretory expression).
Mammalian Protein Expression Service
The mammalian cell expression system has the function ofpost-translational- modification and protein folding, which makes the recombinantproteins expressed by it more close to the natural higher biological protein molecules interms of molecular structure, physical and chemical properties and biological functions,and more likely to acquire the same biological activity as the natural molecules. The mammalian cell expression system has the function ofpost-translational- modification and protein mammalian expressionsystem is suitable for expressing complicated, modified, functional proteins/antibodiessecreted or membrane proteins.
Stable Cell Line Development Service
The construction of stable cell line refers to the entry of foreign genes into recipient cells and integration into the chromosomes, allowing the target protein to be stably expressed on the surface of cell membrane. Stable cell line has been used in functional studies of genes, protein production and drug screening.
Large-Scale Protein Production Service
Large-scale protein production has become a critically important service for applications in the field of proteomics, structural biology and protein therapeutics. Many techniques have been used in the production, including bacterial or eukaryotic cell-based culture cells implementation of fermentation and optimization of pH, O2, temperature and cell density.
Fc Fusion Protein Production Service
Fc fusion allows simple and efficient purification with protein A and/or protein G,and accurate quantification and capturing in receptor-ligand affinity measurement. Fc fusion significantly improves pharmacokinetic property of the fused proteins and peptides because Fc can escapeproteolytic degradtion. With human-specific glycosylation, Fc chimeric proteins can be used in studies involvinghuman proteins and cells.
SUMO-Tag Protein Expression Service
Small- Ubiquitin-like Modifiers, also as known as SUMO proteins, are a proteinfamily composed of various small proteins to modifyfunction of other proteins. SUmocan be covalently attached to other proteins and detached from them in cells,participating invarious cellular processes include signal transduction, nuclear transport, and protein stabilization.
Endotoxin-Free Protein Production Service
Endotoxins, known as lipoglycans and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are a part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. It is extremely hard to remove them by simple sterilization. Endotoxins can initiate a strong immune response such as endotoxin shock, organ failure, tissue injury, et al. Due to the harmful effects of endotoxin, limiting the protein endotoxin level has become an important direction in the medical field. E. Coli is a preferred system for recombinant protein because it generally provides the most cost effective solution.